![]() Within the hour, Eldric would be transported in an uncharted land, with the barest minimum of supplies. by Herbert Kessler, (1971) 20-25.“ Attention please, mass teleportation in 30 minutes” Kurt Weitzmann, "Greek Sources of Islamic Scientific Illustration," Studies in Classical and Byzantine Manuscript Illumination, ed. Marie Boas, "Hero's Pneumatica: A Study of its Transmission and Influence, Isis 40, no. It's complete text was first published in print in French translation from the Arabic as Les méchaniques ou l'élévateur de Héron d'Alexandrie publiées spour la première foi sur la version Arabe de Qostà ibn Lûqà et traduites en Français par M. Heron's Mechanica, a textbook for architects, engineers, builders and contractors, concerned the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for an architect. The second work of Heron to be published in print was the translation from the Greek into Italian of Heron's work on automata by Commandino's pupil, the scientist and writer Bernardino Baldi, De gli automati, ouero machine se mouenti, libri due, first issued from Venice in 1589. The first printed edition of the complete text of the Pneumatica was the Latin translation from the Greek by mathematician and humanist Federico Commandino published as Heronis Alexandrini spiritualium liber (1575). The first publication in print of any of Heron's works appeared as a paraphrase of the early pages of the Pneumatica in the encyclopedic De expetendis et fugiendis rebusof humanist Giorgio Valla published in Venice the year after Valla's death, in 1501. This manuscript is preserved in Leiden University Library (cod. Conversely, the complete text of Heron's other widely known work, the Mechanica, survived through only a single Arabic translation made by Kosta ben Luka between 862 and 866 CE. ![]() 516 in the Bibliotheca Marciana in Venice, dates from about the thirteenth century- a later date than one might expect. However, the earliest surviving copy of this text, Codex Gr. His Pneumatica, which described a series of apparatus for natural magic or parlor magic, was definitely the most widely read of his works during the Middle Ages more than 100 manuscripts of it survived. More illustrated technical treatises by Heron survived than those of any other writer from the ancient world. The sound of thunder was produced by the mechanically-timed dropping of metal balls onto a hidden drum. ♦ Mechanisms for the Greek theater, including an entirely mechanical puppet play almost ten minutes in length, powered by a binary-like system of ropes, knots, and simple machines operated by a rotating cylindrical cogwheel. ![]() The pan continued to tilt with the weight of the coin until the coin fell off, at which point a counter-weight would snap the lever back up and turn off the valve. The lever opened up a valve which let some water flow out. When the coin was deposited, it fell upon a pan attached to a lever. When a coin was introduced through a slot on the top of the machine, a set amount of holy water was dispensed. ♦ A windwheel operating a pipe organ-the first instance of wind powering a machine. These included devices for temples to instill faith by deceiving believers with "magical acts of the gods," for theatrical spectacles, and machines like a statue that poured wine. In Heron's numerous surviving writings are designs for automata-machines operated by mechanical or pneumatic means. Boas cites evidence in Heron's treatise Dioptra that Heron referred to an eclipse of the moon that occurred on March 13, 63, which would place him definitely in the first century. The dates of the Greek mathematician and engineer Heron of Alexandria (Hero of Alexandria, Ἥρων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς) are not known with certainty, but he must have worked between the first and third century CE.
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